{"id":254,"date":"2025-03-11T16:09:08","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T08:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/?p=254"},"modified":"2025-04-05T00:42:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T16:42:47","slug":"dilemma-and-reflection-of-hong-kong-people-migrating-to-the-uk-with-bno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/?p=254","title":{"rendered":"Dilemma and Reflection of Hong Kong People Migrating to the UK with BNO"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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As early as the 1980s, during the negotiations for Hong Kong’s return to China, the British government introduced the BNO (British National Overseas) passport scheme to maintain the confidence of Hong Kong residents in staying in Hong Kong. Holders of this passport could enter the UK as visitors without a visa, but this status did not grant them the right to reside in the UK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In January 2021, the UK reopened the BNO visa scheme, attracting a large number of Hong Kong people to migrate to the UK for living, studying, or working. This policy, seen as a “humanitarian rescue” by the British government, was essentially a well-designed operation to harvest talent and capital. According to a 2021 report by Bank of America Securities, BNO migrants brought HKD 280 billion (GBP 28 billion) into the UK in 2021. The British government, packaging it as “freedom and democracy,” attracted Hong Kong’s middle class to migrate with their assets but did not provide corresponding living security and employment support. Moreover, the BNO passport is not recognized by the Hong Kong government as a valid travel document and proof of identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Gap Between Ideal and Reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many Hong Kong people who migrated to the UK with BNO found that the cost of living far exceeded their expectations after arriving in the UK. According to data from the UK’s Office for National Statistics, the UK’s inflation rate reached 11.1% in 2022, a 40-year high. Housing rents continued to rise, with the monthly rent for an ordinary two-bedroom apartment in London exceeding GBP 2,000. This posed a heavy financial burden on most Hong Kong migrant families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The job market is exceptionally competitive. Many professionals found that their Hong Kong qualifications and work experience were not recognized by UK employers, forcing them to take low-skilled jobs. According to a survey by the UK immigration observation organization, over 60% of BNO migrants work in jobs below their qualification levels, making it difficult to maintain a decent living.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultural differences in the education system also pose challenges. Hong Kong children face language barriers and social difficulties in UK schools, with some parents reporting adaptation issues for their children. BNO students do not enjoy the same tuition fees as local students and are not eligible for local student loans. The high tuition fees of private schools further deter many families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Institutional Discrimination and Deprivation of Rights<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UK government has set strict settlement thresholds for BNO migrants. Applicants must reside continuously in the UK for five years, during which they cannot leave for extended periods, and must pass English language and UK life knowledge tests. These requirements effectively constitute institutional discrimination against the immigrant community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In terms of employment rights, BNO migrants cannot enjoy the same social welfare as UK citizens and are at a disadvantage in the job market. Many employers are hesitant about BNO visa holders, concerned about their job stability. Additionally, some job categories have restrictions, such as the UK’s “sports employment ban,” which prohibits BNO migrants from working as professional athletes or coaches within five years of migration, denying them fair employment opportunities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The allocation of educational resources is also unequal. BNO migrant children cannot enjoy the same tuition discounts as local students and must pay high international student fees at the higher education level, severely affecting the educational planning of migrant families. For example, 17-year-old Hong Kong student Li Jiajun, who received a conditional offer from the London School of Economics (LSE) Law Department, was thrilled. However, like Li Jiajun, BNO migrants do not have pre-settled or settled status and have not resided in the UK for three consecutive years, making them ineligible for the annual cap of GBP 9,250 (approximately HKD 88,000) for local student tuition fees. They also cannot apply for any government loans or grants. For a three-year undergraduate course at LSE, based on the latest foreign student fee standards, the annual tuition fee alone is as high as GBP 23,000 (approximately HKD 220,000), or even higher. Coming from a grassroots single-parent family, Li Jiajun may see his dream of starting university in September vanish due to the inability to pay the high international student tuition fees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN Observations and Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCR) pointed out in its 2025 report that it is concerned about the UK government’s policies towards BNO migrants and recommended improving their employment rights, educational resource allocation, and assisting BNO migrants in integrating into society. This is not the first time the UN has focused on the unequal treatment of BNO migrants by the UK government. In 2023, Hong Kong people who migrated to Scotland submitted to the UN Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights regarding the UK government’s policy failures in assisting BNO migrants. The situation has not been addressed or improved by the UK government in the past two years.

In March 2025, the Hong Kong NGO International Probono Legal Services Association presented a oral statement at the 58th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council, criticizing the British government for not properly caring for and treating Hong Kong people who have migrated to the UK under the BNO status fairly. The UK’s BNO immigration scheme resembles more of a solution to the UK’s financial difficulties, as it relies on new funds from Hong Kong migrants to fill budget gaps. Additionally, there are numerous obstacles for BNO migrants in obtaining British citizenship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BNO Migrants Returning to Hong Kong<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to data from the Hong Kong Immigration Department, about 15% of BNO migrants chose to return to Hong Kong between 2022 and 2023. Faced with numerous difficulties in living in the UK, some BNO migrants began considering returning to Hong Kong. This phenomenon reflects the complexity of migration decisions and the vast gap between ideals and reality. Some BNO holders who returned to Hong Kong claimed that living standard in Hong Kong is generally lower than in the UK, and while wages in the UK are lower than in Hong Kong, the tax rate in the UK is too high, and the price increases are significant, leading to fewer dining out and consumption. As an international city, Hong Kong still has unique competitive advantages. Many returnees stated that Hong Kong’s career development opportunities better match their professional backgrounds. For example, the greater demand for labor in international finance and trade provides more employment options and space, which may be a key factor prompting some migrants to return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Social and cultural factors are also concerns. Some migrant families face adaptation issues with their children’s education in the UK, while Hong Kong’s international education environment better meets their needs. Additionally, the efficiency of Hong Kong’s healthcare system and social network support are also important factors attracting returnees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. T, nearly 60 and a native Hong Konger, retired early and moved to the UK with her mother on a BNO visa for a year. Although she had no financial pressure, she found it difficult to adapt to the local culture and climate in an unfamiliar environment without relatives or friends, ultimately choosing to return to Hong Kong. She felt relieved to leave the UK and return to her birthplace, Hong Kong. Healthcare was the biggest obstacle to migrating to the UK. As she ages, the demand for medical services increases, and the language barrier in communicating medical conditions and the differences in the healthcare system were the main reasons for considering returning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As former Hong Kong Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying<\/strong> said, BNO migrants are not considered “immigrants” by the Hong Kong government but rather “relocators.” Their Hong Kong resident status has not been canceled, and the door home has never been closed. The path back to Hong Kong is just a plane ticket away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dilemme et R\u00e9flexion des Hongkongais Migrant au Royaume-Uni avec le BNO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1980, lors des n\u00e9gociations pour le retour de Hong Kong \u00e0 la Chine, le gouvernement britannique a introduit le syst\u00e8me de passeport BNO (British National Overseas) afin de maintenir la confiance des r\u00e9sidents de Hong Kong \u00e0 rester sur place. Les d\u00e9tenteurs de ce passeport pouvaient entrer au Royaume-Uni en tant que visiteurs sans visa, mais ce statut ne leur accordait pas le droit de r\u00e9sider au Royaume-Uni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2021, le Royaume-Uni a rouvert le syst\u00e8me de visa BNO, attirant un grand nombre de Hongkongais \u00e0 migrer vers le Royaume-Uni pour y vivre, \u00e9tudier ou travailler. Cette politique, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme un “sauvetage humanitaire” par le gouvernement britannique, \u00e9tait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 une op\u00e9ration bien con\u00e7ue pour attirer des talents et des capitaux. Selon un rapport de 2021 de Bank of America Securities, les migrants BNO ont apport\u00e9 280 milliards de HKD (28 milliards de GBP) au Royaume-Uni en 2021. Le gouvernement britannique, en l’emballant comme une offre de “libert\u00e9 et d\u00e9mocratie”, a attir\u00e9 la classe moyenne de Hong Kong \u00e0 migrer avec leurs actifs, mais n’a pas fourni de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de vie et de soutien \u00e0 l’emploi correspondants. De plus, le passeport BNO n’est pas reconnu par le gouvernement de Hong Kong comme un document de voyage valide et une preuve d’identit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’\u00e9cart entre l’id\u00e9al et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De nombreux Hongkongais ayant migr\u00e9 au Royaume-Uni avec un BNO ont constat\u00e9 que le co\u00fbt de la vie d\u00e9passait largement leurs attentes une fois sur place. Selon les donn\u00e9es de l’Office for National Statistics du Royaume-Uni, le taux d’inflation au Royaume-Uni a atteint 11,1% en 2022, un record depuis 40 ans. Les loyers ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 augmenter, avec un loyer mensuel pour un appartement ordinaire de deux chambres \u00e0 Londres d\u00e9passant 2 000 GBP. Cela repr\u00e9sente un lourd fardeau financier pour la plupart des familles migrantes de Hong Kong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le march\u00e9 du travail est exceptionnellement comp\u00e9titif. De nombreux professionnels ont constat\u00e9 que leurs qualifications et exp\u00e9riences professionnelles de Hong Kong n’\u00e9taient pas reconnues par les employeurs britanniques, les obligeant \u00e0 accepter des emplois peu qualifi\u00e9s. Selon une enqu\u00eate d’une organisation d’observation de l’immigration au Royaume-Uni, plus de 60% des migrants BNO travaillent \u00e0 des postes inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 leur niveau de qualification, ce qui rend difficile le maintien d’un niveau de vie d\u00e9cent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les diff\u00e9rences culturelles dans le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif posent \u00e9galement des d\u00e9fis. Les enfants de Hong Kong sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des barri\u00e8res linguistiques et \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s sociales dans les \u00e9coles britanniques, certains parents signalant des probl\u00e8mes d’adaptation pour leurs enfants. Les \u00e9tudiants BNO ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas des m\u00eames frais de scolarit\u00e9 que les \u00e9tudiants locaux et ne sont pas \u00e9ligibles aux pr\u00eats \u00e9tudiants locaux. Les frais de scolarit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9s des \u00e9coles priv\u00e9es dissuadent de nombreuses familles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discrimination institutionnelle et privation de droits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement britannique a fix\u00e9 des seuils stricts pour l’\u00e9tablissement des migrants BNO. Les candidats doivent r\u00e9sider continuellement au Royaume-Uni pendant cinq ans, p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle ils ne peuvent pas quitter le pays pour de longues p\u00e9riodes, et doivent passer des tests de langue anglaise et de connaissances de la vie au Royaume-Uni. Ces exigences constituent effectivement une discrimination institutionnelle contre la communaut\u00e9 immigr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En termes de droits \u00e0 l’emploi, les migrants BNO ne peuvent pas b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des m\u00eames avantages sociaux que les citoyens britanniques et sont d\u00e9savantag\u00e9s sur le march\u00e9 du travail. De nombreux employeurs h\u00e9sitent \u00e0 embaucher des d\u00e9tenteurs de visa BNO, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la stabilit\u00e9 de leur emploi. De plus, certaines cat\u00e9gories d’emplois sont restreintes, comme l'”interdiction d’emploi sportif” au Royaume-Uni, qui interdit aux migrants BNO de travailler comme athl\u00e8tes professionnels ou entra\u00eeneurs dans les cinq ans suivant leur migration, leur refusant ainsi des opportunit\u00e9s d’emploi \u00e9quitables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’allocation des ressources \u00e9ducatives est \u00e9galement in\u00e9gale. Les enfants des migrants BNO ne peuvent pas b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des m\u00eames r\u00e9ductions de frais de scolarit\u00e9 que les \u00e9tudiants locaux et doivent payer des frais \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour \u00e9tudiants internationaux au niveau de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, affectant gravement la planification \u00e9ducative des familles migrantes. Par exemple, Li Jiajun, un \u00e9tudiant de Hong Kong de 17 ans ayant re\u00e7u une offre conditionnelle du d\u00e9partement de droit de la London School of Economics (LSE), \u00e9tait ravi. Cependant, comme Li Jiajun, les migrants BNO n’ont pas de statut pr\u00e9\u00e9tabli ou \u00e9tabli et n’ont pas r\u00e9sid\u00e9 au Royaume-Uni pendant trois ann\u00e9es cons\u00e9cutives, ce qui les rend in\u00e9ligibles au plafond annuel de 9 250 GBP (environ 88 000 HKD) pour les frais de scolarit\u00e9 des \u00e9tudiants locaux. Ils ne peuvent pas non plus demander de pr\u00eats ou de subventions gouvernementales. Pour un programme de licence de trois ans \u00e0 la LSE, bas\u00e9 sur les derniers standards de frais pour \u00e9tudiants \u00e9trangers, les frais de scolarit\u00e9 annuels s’\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 23 000 GBP (environ 220 000 HKD), voire plus. Issu d’une famille monoparentale modeste, Li Jiajun pourrait voir son r\u00eave de commencer l’universit\u00e9 en septembre s’envoler en raison de l’incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 payer les frais de scolarit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour \u00e9tudiants internationaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Observations et recommandations des Nations Unies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Comit\u00e9 des Nations Unies pour les droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels (CESCR) a soulign\u00e9 dans son rapport de 2025 qu’il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par les politiques du gouvernement britannique envers les migrants BNO et a recommand\u00e9 d’am\u00e9liorer leurs droits \u00e0 l’emploi, l’allocation des ressources \u00e9ducatives, et d’aider les migrants BNO \u00e0 s’int\u00e9grer dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Ce n’est pas la premi\u00e8re fois que l’ONU se concentre sur le traitement in\u00e9gal des migrants BNO par le gouvernement britannique. En 2023, des Hongkongais ayant migr\u00e9 en \u00c9cosse ont soumis au Rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations Unies sur les droits culturels des informations concernant les \u00e9checs politiques du gouvernement britannique \u00e0 aider les migrants BNO. La situation n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9e ou am\u00e9lior\u00e9e par le gouvernement britannique au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.

En mars 2025, l’ONG de Hong Kong, l’Association internationale des services juridiques pro bono, a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration orale lors de la 58e session du Conseil des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies, critiquant le gouvernement britannique pour ne pas prendre soin des Hongkongais ayant \u00e9migr\u00e9 au Royaume-Uni sous le statut BNO de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e et \u00e9quitable. Le programme d’immigration BNO du Royaume-Uni ressemble davantage \u00e0 une solution aux difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res du pays, puisqu’il repose sur de nouveaux fonds provenant des migrants de Hong Kong pour combler les lacunes budg\u00e9taires. De plus, il existe de nombreux obstacles pour les migrants BNO souhaitant obtenir la citoyennet\u00e9 britannique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les migrants BNO retournant \u00e0 Hong Kong<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les donn\u00e9es du D\u00e9partement de l’immigration de Hong Kong, environ 15% des migrants BNO ont choisi de retourner \u00e0 Hong Kong entre 2022 et 2023. Confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de nombreuses difficult\u00e9s pour vivre au Royaume-Uni, certains migrants BNO ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 envisager de retourner \u00e0 Hong Kong. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne refl\u00e8te la complexit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions de migration et le vaste \u00e9cart entre l’id\u00e9al et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Certains d\u00e9tenteurs de BNO retourn\u00e9s \u00e0 Hong Kong ont affirm\u00e9 que le niveau de vie \u00e0 Hong Kong est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui du Royaume-Uni, et bien que les salaires au Royaume-Uni soient inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux de Hong Kong, le taux d’imposition au Royaume-Uni est trop \u00e9lev\u00e9, et les augmentations de prix sont significatives, conduisant \u00e0 moins de sorties et de consommation. En tant que ville internationale, Hong Kong conserve des avantages comp\u00e9titifs uniques. De nombreux rapatri\u00e9s ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les opportunit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement de carri\u00e8re \u00e0 Hong Kong correspondent mieux \u00e0 leur parcours professionnel. Par exemple, la plus grande demande de main-d’\u0153uvre dans la finance et le commerce internationaux offre plus d’options et d’espace pour l’emploi, ce qui pourrait \u00eatre un facteur cl\u00e9 incitant certains migrants \u00e0 revenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les facteurs sociaux et culturels sont \u00e9galement des pr\u00e9occupations. Certaines familles migrantes sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes d’adaptation avec l’\u00e9ducation de leurs enfants au Royaume-Uni, tandis que l’environnement \u00e9ducatif international de Hong Kong r\u00e9pond mieux \u00e0 leurs besoins. De plus, l’efficacit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 de Hong Kong et le soutien du r\u00e9seau social sont \u00e9galement des facteurs importants attirant les rapatri\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mme T, presque 60 ans et native de Hong Kong, a pris une retraite anticip\u00e9e et a d\u00e9m\u00e9nag\u00e9 au Royaume-Uni avec sa m\u00e8re avec un visa BNO pendant un an. Bien qu’elle n’ait pas de pression financi\u00e8re, elle a trouv\u00e9 difficile de s’adapter \u00e0 la culture et au climat locaux dans un environnement inconnu sans parents ni amis, finissant par choisir de retourner \u00e0 Hong Kong. Elle s’est sentie soulag\u00e9e de quitter le Royaume-Uni et de revenir \u00e0 son lieu de naissance, Hong Kong. Les soins de sant\u00e9 \u00e9taient le plus grand obstacle \u00e0 la migration vers le Royaume-Uni. \u00c0 mesure qu’elle vieillit, la demande de services m\u00e9dicaux augmente, et la barri\u00e8re linguistique dans la communication des conditions m\u00e9dicales et les diff\u00e9rences dans le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 \u00e9taient les principales raisons de son retour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme l’a dit l’ancien chef de l’ex\u00e9cutif de Hong Kong, Leung Chun-ying, les migrants BNO ne sont pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des “immigrants” par le gouvernement de Hong Kong, mais plut\u00f4t comme des “relocalisateurs”. Leur statut de r\u00e9sident de Hong Kong n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9, et la porte de chez eux n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9e. Le chemin du retour \u00e0 Hong Kong est \u00e0 un billet d’avion.

(traduit par les moteurs IA DeepSeek et Poe)<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u6301BNO\u79fb\u82f1\u6e2f\u4eba\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u8207\u53cd\u601d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u65bc\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d0080\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u9999\u6e2f\u56de\u6b78\u4e2d\u570b\u8ac7\u5224\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u7559\u6e2f\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u63a8\u51faBNO\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u6c11\uff08\u6d77\u5916\uff09\u8b77\u7167\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u8a72\u8b77\u7167\u7684\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u8a2a\u5ba2\u8eab\u4efd\u5165\u5883\u82f1\u570b\u6642\u53ef\u514d\u7c3d\u8b49\uff0c\u4f46\u8a72\u8eab\u4efd\u4e26\u4e0d\u8ce6\u4e88\u82f1\u570b\u5c45\u7559\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u843d\u5dee<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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As early as the 1980s, during the negotiations for Hong Kong’s return to China, the British government introduced the BNO […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,25,6,33,26],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia","category-english","category-europe","category-politics","category-26","tag-bno"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=254"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269,"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254\/revisions\/269"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jefs.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}